The two major stages are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is a milder and reversible form of periodontal disease that only affects the gums. Gingivitis may lead to more serious, destructive forms of periodontal disease called periodontitis.

Some factors increase the risk of developing gum disease (periodontal disease):
•  Smoking or chewing tobacco
•  Diseases like diabetes
•  Some types of medication such as steroids, some types of anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, some
   calcium channel blockers and oral contraceptives
•  Bridges that no longer fit properly
•  Crooked teeth
•  Fillings that have become defective
•  Pregnancy or use of oral contraceptives

Several warning signs that can signal a problem:
•  Tender and easily bleeding gums
•  Red, swollen, tender gums
•  Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
•  Persistent bad breath or bad taste
•  Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
•  Changes in the way your teeth fits together when you bite
•  Changes in the fitting of partial dentures
•  Sensitive teeth
•  Pus coming from and around the teeth

It is possible to have periodontal disease and have no warning signs. Good oral hygiene at home is essential to help keep periodontal disease from becoming more serious or recurring. Some of the behavioral change that you can apply to avoid gum diseases are: brush your teeth regularly, clean between your teeth, eat a balanced diet, and schedule regular dental visits.

Remember: There is no cure for this “silent tooth killer”; following proper oral hygiene can slow down the disease process. Only early detection and prevention can make the difference between premature loss of teeth and a full compliment of healthy strong teeth.

What can you do?
The best way to treat periodontal disease is by early detection and prevention. A thorough examination can tell if you are at risk. Once diagnosed with periodontal disease, one must try to prevent further loss of supporting bone and/or other teeth.

Treatment usually involves a regular home oral hygiene processes like
•  Brushing twice a day,
•  Flossing regularly to remove plaque from between teeth
•  Rinsing your mouth thoroughly after each meal
•  Replacing your brush every 3 months
•  Routine check-ups and cleaning.

Advance stages of periodontal disease however, may require
•  Gum surgery
•  Grafting, and/or extractions
•  Thorough scaling and root planning to remove plaque and built up tartar

By following simple oral hygiene behavior you can have healthy gums for lifetime. So opt for a proper oral hygiene behavior and keep your gums healthy forever.